Parts 1 through 4 of this series described the importance of determining the visual axis measurement to maximize patient visual comfort and satisfaction with PALs. This final installment introduces methods and devices to obtain that measurement.

In most places, winter is almost always cold and windy. The heaters are running full blast. This can drastically drop the humidity level in your home and vehicle, which can cause eyes to dry out quickly. Dry eyes can lead to discomfort, pain, itching, light sensitivity, blurred vision, and excessive tearing. With so many complications, it is worthwhile to discuss possible dry eye issues with all patients, especially contact lens wearers.

In this age of digital devices, many of us still indulge in the pleasure of reading hardcopy books. The intriguing cover illustration never turns off. It’s always there on the nightstand inviting you to take the next peek inside. A book never needs to be recharged, can survive a coffee spill, and doesn’t emanate nasty blue light. Yet, like their electronic counterparts, books present visual challenges.